Friday, August 30, 2019
Cognitive and language Essay
Horizontal ââ¬â vertical ââ¬â actions by children, such as climbing, stepping up and down. These schemas are then developed further through the progresses of ââ¬Ëassimilationââ¬â¢ (this is taking in new information from the environment through the childs existing patterns of actions) and ââ¬Ëaccommodationââ¬â¢ (this is modifying existing patterns of actions to accommodate new information and knowledge) and balancing it out with what new experiences they have made (this is called equilibration). Piaget emphasised his theory on the role of the individual child, where as Vygotskyââ¬â¢s work looked at the importance of the social world in childrenââ¬â¢s learning and emphasised on promoting through social interaction and communicating. He said that children were born to be sociable by being with parents/friends and that they acquire skills and concepts. He thought the children were incapable of learning alone but was possible with assistance (this is called ââ¬Ëzone of proximal developmentââ¬â¢). Vygosky theory would be used in schools for the childrenââ¬â¢s education, hands on role for teacher, teachers scaffolding the children, giving the child a more challenging and stimulating environment then if was left to discover and learn alone. Skinnerââ¬â¢s theory on learning is the change in behaviour as a result of reinforcement. He believed that children develop their language through imitating role models and reinforcement. Skinner found that if you praise or rewarded a child for its good behaviour the child would repeat the behaviour again (this is called positive reinforcement). He found this a more effective strategy than punishment which is called negative reinforcement. He called his theory ââ¬Ëoperant conditioningââ¬â¢. Television can influence the childââ¬â¢s development. It can stimulate curiosity, increase knowledge, enlarges vocabulary, it can encourages family discussions and conversation and it entertains. It can broaden the childââ¬â¢s experience, bringing the wider world within their reach, although television can be harmful for children when the television is on continuously, it can make conversation difficult it would also reduce the opportunity for playing, reading and writing. Unsuitable programmes watched can encourage the child to behave in an anti-social way or even frighten the child. Banduraââ¬â¢s theory emphasised on the children learning behaviour of observing and imitating adults/people. Including aggression, sharing, sex roles and altruism, this could be from the television and the environment around them.
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